Resumo O alto índice de consumo de hortaliças estimula o cultivo e aumenta a demanda quanto à adequação dos processos produtivos. O ataque da praga Plutella xylostella causa grandes perdas por reduzir a qualidade do produto, caracterizando um problema fitossanitário. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a bioatividade de extratos aquosos de folhas de Jacaranda decurrens e Jacaranda mimosifolia nas concentrações de 5, 10 e 15% sobre o inseto. O teste de escolha foi realizado em laboratório para determinar o efeito alimentar de extratos vegetais e avaliar alterações no ciclo de vida de insetos expostos a compostos ativos por meio da análise de parâmetros biológicos. Os extratos vegetais de J. decurrens e J. mimosifolia apresentaram classificação fagodeterrente nos experimentos de escolha. As três concentrações de extrato de J. decurrens promoveram um prolongamento da duração larval e pupal, enquanto a duração dos indivíduos tratados com J. mimosifolia a 10% foi significativamente reduzida. Ocorreu redução na sobrevivência larval de indivíduos tratados com extratos aquosos de J. decurrens e J. mimosifolia. Ovos dos tratamentos com extrato aquoso de J. decurrens e J. mimosifolia tiveram sobrevivência reduzida. A sobrevivência pupal dos indivíduos tratados com extrato a 15% apresentou redução significativa em relação aos tratamentos a 5% e 10%. Pupas do tratamento com extrato aquoso de J. mimosifolia apresentaram redução de biomassa no tratamento a 15% diferindo do controle e 5%. Assim, os extratos aquosos das espécies J. decurrens e J. mimosifolia apresentam potencial inseticida nos testes realizados em P. xylostella.

Abstract The high consumption rate of vegetables stimulates the cultivation and increases the demand regarding the adequacy of the production processes. The attack of the pest Plutella xylostella causes high losses by reducing product quality, typifying a phytosanitary problem. This study aimed to verify the bioactivity of aqueous extracts of leaves of Jacaranda decurrens and Jacaranda mimosifolia at concentrations of 5, 10, and 15% on the insect. The choice test was carried out at the laboratory to determine the food effect of plant extracts and evaluate changes in the life cycle of insects exposed to active compounds through the analysis of biological parameters. Plant extracts of J. decurrens and J. mimosifolia presented with phagodeterrent classification in the choice experiments. The three J. decurrens extract concentrations promoted a prolongation of larval and pupal duration, while the duration of individuals treated with J. mimosifolia at 10% was significantly reduced. Occurred reduction in larval survival of individuals treated with aqueous extracts of J. decurrens and J. mimosifolia. Eggs from treatments with aqueous extract of J. decurrens and J. mimosifolia had reduced survival. Pupal survival of individuals treated with extract at 15% showed a significant reduction compared to the treatments at 5% and 10%. Pupae from the treatment with aqueous extract of Jacaranda mimosifolia showed a reduction in biomass in the treatment at 15% differing from the control e 5%. Thus, the aqueous extracts of the species J. decurrens and J. mimosifolia show insecticidal potential in the tests performed on P. xylostella.

ABSTRACT The present study proposes to characterize the parasites isolated during the initial phase of production in fish farms located in Mato Grosso do Sul in the central-western region of Brazil, using histopathology analysis and molecular techniques. A total of 340 hybrid surubim fish (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum × P. corruscans) from four farms were examined during the co-feeding phase. Histopathology analysis showed that 10.9% (n = 37) of the fish were infected with parasites. Branchitis, lifting epithelium, hypertrophy of epithelial cells, lamellar fusion, aneurisms and infection in the bone tissue of the gill filament was observed. The parasite species was determined by amplification of the 18S rRNA gene followed by sequencing. The phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences indicates a close relationship (99.6%) with Henneguya pseudoplatystoma reported to be infecting the hybrid Pseudoplatystoma. This study demonstrates the occurrence of H. pseudoplatystoma in hybrid surubim (P. reticulatum × P. corruscans) during the co-feeding phase in fish farms in Mato Grosso do Sul. Also, molecular techniques provide a faster and sensitive method to identify fish parasites, and may assist in the development of new management techniques aimed at improving the sanitary conditions contributing to the reduction of mortality rates in these animals.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of glutamine supplementation plans on performance, carcass yield, and cut yield of broilers reared in a high-temperature environment. A fully randomized design was adopted for the experiment, comprising 900 male Hubbard broiler chicks assigned to five treatment groups (0% glutamine from one to 42 days of age; 0.5% glutamine from 1 to 7 days of age, followed by 0% from 8 to 42 days; 1.0% glutamine from 1 to 7 days of age, followed by 0.5% from 8 to 14 days and 0% from 15 to 42 days; 1.5% glutamine from 1 to 7 days of age, followed by 1.0% from 8 to 14 days, 0.5% from 15 to 21 days, and 0% from 22 to 42 days; 2.0% glutamine from 1 to 7 days of age, followed by 1.5% from 8 to 14 days, 1.0% from 15 to 21 days, and 0% from 22 to 42 days), consisting of six replicates of 30 animals each. The experiment was composed of four periods: pre-starter (1-7 days), starter (8-21 days), grower (22-33 days), and finisher (34-42 days). Glutamine supplementation plans up to 21 days do not improve the performance of broilers in the periods from 1 to 21 and from 1 to 42 days of age reared in a high-temperature environment. Carcass yields and cuts of broilers at 42 days of age are not changed by glutamine supplementation for up to 21 days.

Foram avaliados métodos alternativos de restrição alimentar qualitativa em comparação à técnica convencional de muda forçada. Utilizaram-se 480 galinhas Babcock de 78 semanas distribuídas em três níveis de restrição alimentar (100, 75 e 50%) e três percentuais de redução de peso corporal (15, 20 e 25%), cada um com cinco repetições de 32 aves. Quando as aves atingiram o percentual de redução de peso corporal, determinaram-se o volume globular, os percentuais de ovário, oviduto, moela, intestino e gordura abdominal e o comprimento de oviduto. A partir do 28º dia e durante cinco períodos de 28 dias, observaram-se as características quantitativas e qualitativas de produção pós-muda. O maior período de restrição foi observado no nível de 50% e proporcionou menores percentuais de gordura abdominal (0,66%), ovário (0,60%), oviduto (0,77%) e comprimento de oviduto (32 cm). O percentual de produção de ovos foi maior no primeiro período para as aves submetidas aos métodos de 75 e 100% de restrição com 15 e 20% de redução de peso, respectivamente. Entretanto, para as aves com 50% de restrição e 25% de redução de peso, as maiores produções (86,80 e 83,20%) ocorreram no quarto e quinto períodos. A restrição alimentar qualitativa, em 50% da dieta com ração e casca de arroz, por ser menos agressiva, proporciona melhores condições de bem-estar e facilita o manejo da granja.

Alternative methods were assessed of qualitative feed restriction compared to the conventional forced molt technique. Four hundred and eighty Babcock hens were used distributed in three levels of feed restriction (100, 75 and 50%) and three body weight reduction percentages (15, 20 and 25%), with five replications of 32 hens. When the birds reached the body weight reduction percentage the packed cell volume, percentages of ovary, oviduct, gizzard, intestine, abdominal fat and oviduct length were determined. Starting on day 28 and during five 28-day periods the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of production after forced molt were measured. The largest restriction period occurred at 50% of restriction that resulted in the smallest percentages of abdominal fat (0.66%), ovary (0.60%), oviduct (0.77%) and oviduct length (32 cm). The egg production percentage was higher in the first period, for the 75 and 100% restriction methods with up to 15 and 20% body weight reduction, respectively. However, for the birds with 50% restriction and 25% body weight reduction, the highest productions (86.80 and 83.20%) occurred in the 4th and 5th periods. Qualitative feed restriction at 50% of the diet with feed and rice hulls, because it was less aggressive, resulted in better welfare conditions and facilitated farm management.